Thursday, July 5, 2012

China's second quarter economic growth seen slipping to three-year low

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-second-quarter-economic-growth-seen-slipping-three-074902180--sector.html

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Robot vision: Muscle-like action allows camera to mimic eye movement

ScienceDaily (July 5, 2012) ? Using piezoelectric materials, researchers have replicated the muscle motion of the human eye to control camera systems in a way designed to improve the operation of robots. This new muscle-like action could help make robotic tools safer and more effective for MRI-guided surgery and robotic rehabilitation.

Key to the new control system is a piezoelectric cellular actuator that uses a novel biologically inspired technology that will allow a robot eye to move more like a real eye. This will be useful for research studies on human eye movement as well as making video feeds from robots more intuitive. The research is being conducted by Ph.D. candidate Joshua Schultz under the direction of assistant professor Jun Ueda, both from the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

"For a robot to be truly bio-inspired, it should possess actuation, or motion generators, with properties in common with the musculature of biological organisms," said Schultz. "The actuators developed in our lab embody many properties in common with biological muscle, especially a cellular structure. Essentially, in the human eye muscles are controlled by neural impulses. Eventually, the actuators we are developing will be used to capture the kinematics and performance of the human eye."

Ueda, who leads the Georgia Tech Bio-Robotics and Human Modeling Laboratory in the School of Mechanical Engineering, said this novel technology will lay the groundwork for investigating research questions in systems that possess a large number of active units operating together. The application ranges from industrial robots, medical and rehabilitation robots to intelligent assistive robots.

"Robustness against uncertainty of model and environment is crucial for robots physically interacting with humans and environments," said Ueda. "Successful integration relies on the coordinated design of control, structure, actuators and sensors by considering the dynamic interaction among them."

Piezoelectric materials expand or contract when electricity is applied to them, providing a way to transform input signals into motion. This principle is the basis for piezoelectric actuators that have been used in numerous applications, but use in robotics applications has been limited due to piezoelectric ceramic's minuscule displacement.

The cellular actuator concept developed by the research team was inspired by biological muscle structure that connects many small actuator units in series or in parallel.

The Georgia Tech team has developed a lightweight, high speed approach that includes a single-degree of freedom camera positioner that can be used to illustrate and understand the performance and control of biologically inspired actuator technology. This new technology uses less energy than traditional camera positioning mechanisms and is compliant for more flexibility.

"Each muscle-like actuator has a piezoelectric material and a nested hierarchical set of strain amplifying mechanisms," said Ueda. "We are presenting a mathematical concept that can be used to predict the performance as well as select the required geometry of nested structures. We use the design of the camera positioning mechanism's actuators to demonstrate the concepts."

The scientists' research shows mechanisms that can scale up the displacement of piezoelectric stacks to the range of the ocular positioning system. In the past, the piezoelectric stacks available for this purpose have been too small.

"Our research shows a two-port network model that describes compliant strain amplification mechanisms that increase the stroke length of the stacks," said Schultz. "Our findings make a contribution to the use of piezoelectric stack devices in robotics, modeling, design and simulation of compliant mechanisms. It also advances the control of systems using a large number of motor units for a given degree of freedom and control of robotic actuators."

In the study, the scientists sought to resolve a previous conundrum. A cable-driven eye could produce the eye's kinematics, but rigid servomotors would not allow researchers to test the hypothesis for the neurological basis for eye motion.

Some measure of flexibility could be used in software with traditional actuators, but it depended largely on having a continuously variable control signal and it could not show how flexibility could be maintained with quantized actuation corresponding to neural recruitment phenomena.

"Each muscle-like actuator consists of a piezoelectric material and a nested hierarchical set of strain amplifying mechanisms," said Ueda. "Unlike traditional actuators, piezoelectric cellular actuators are governed by the working principles of muscles -- namely, motion results by discretely activating, or recruiting, sets of active fibers, called motor units.

"Motor units are linked by flexible tissue, which serves a two-fold function," said Ueda. "It combines the action potential of each motor unit, and presents a compliant interface with the world, which is critical in unstructured environments."

The Georgia Tech team has presented a camera positioner driven by a novel cellular actuator technology, using a contractile ceramic to generate motion. The team used 16 amplified piezoelectric stacks per side.

The use of multiple stacks addressed the need for more layers of amplification. The units were placed inside a rhomboidal mechanism. The work offers an analysis of the force-displacement tradeoffs involved in the actuator design and shows how to find geometry that meets the requirement of the camera positioner, said Schultz.

"The goal of scaling up piezoelectric ceramic stacks holds great potential to more accurately replicate human eye motion than previous actuators," noted Schultz. "Future work in this area will involve implantation of this technology on a multi-degree of freedom device, applying open and closed loop control algorithms for positioning and analysis of co-contraction phenomena."

Details of the research were presented June 25, 2012, at the IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics in Rome, Italy. The research is funded by National Science Foundation. Schultz also receives partial support from the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Foundation.

Future research by his team will continue to focus on the development of a design framework for highly integrated robotic systems. This ranges from industrial robots to medical and rehabilitation robots to intelligent assistive robots.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Georgia Institute of Technology, Research Communications. The original article was written by Sarah E. Goodwin.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120705144407.htm

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CNN poll: Obama, Romney tied on issue No. 1 (CNN)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/237225884?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Philippine official dismissed after Facebook photo

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/philippine-official-dismissed-facebook-photo-091855231.html

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Obama, Romney volunteers hope to make a difference

In this photo taken June 28, 2012, President Barack Obama 2012 volunteers have a meeting at campaign headquarters in Richmond, Va. Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn?t on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the Obama and Romney volunteers share at least one key trait: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that it still matters who occupies the White House. (AP Photo/Steve Helber)

In this photo taken June 28, 2012, President Barack Obama 2012 volunteers have a meeting at campaign headquarters in Richmond, Va. Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn?t on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the Obama and Romney volunteers share at least one key trait: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that it still matters who occupies the White House. (AP Photo/Steve Helber)

In this photo taken June 28, 2012, a Barack Obama Superman cutout looks over volunteers as the work the phones at a call center for the campaign in Richmond, Va. Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn?t on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the Obama and Romney volunteers share at least one key trait: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that it still matters who occupies the White House. (AP Photo/Steve Helber)

In this photo taken June 28, 2012, President Barack Obama 2012 volunteers Liesa Collins, left, and Mindy Bertram, enter data as they work at a call center for the campaign in Richmond, Va. Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn?t on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the Obama and Romney volunteers share at least one key trait: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that it still matters who occupies the White House. (AP Photo/Steve Helber)

In this photo taken June 29, 2012, Geoffrey Tanner, 19, of Herndon, Va., center, and other volunteers make phone calls at the Romney Victory Office in Fairfax, Va. Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn?t on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the Obama and Romney volunteers share at least one key trait: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that it still matters who occupies the White House. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

In this photo taken June 29, 2012, Matthew Gagnon volunteers working on a Facebook page for the Romney Victory Office in Fairfax, Va. Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn?t on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the Obama and Romney volunteers share at least one key trait: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that it still matters who occupies the White House. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

(AP) ? Re-electing President Barack Obama is so important to Guy Hancock that he spends more time as a volunteer data collector at Obama's campaign headquarters here than at his paying job as a college professor.

"He's had a hard time with a lot of things that weren't under his control but I think he's done a great job," said Hancock, 63. "I've never actually volunteered or been part of a campaign before, but I think it's really important this year."

Ousting Obama drives Karen Chew to spend hours in Fairfax County, Virginia, volunteering for Republican Mitt Romney. An Iraq war veteran forced into bankruptcy after losing her job as a paralegal, Chew said a new president is needed to help people like her who are struggling against the weak economy.

"I know every day what people are going through as far as the discouragement from hitting walls upon walls upon walls. I'm living proof of it," said Chew, 42. "If I can do something to push the country forward by helping Mitt Romney out, then I'm going to be here making phone calls."

Call them passionate, idealistic, earnest, even a tad naive: The volunteers helping to power the Obama and Romney campaigns are outliers at a time when polls show record low public satisfaction with government and a growing belief that Washington isn't on their side. While motivated by opposing goals, the volunteers have at least one thing in common: an abiding faith in the political process and a belief that who occupies the White House still matters.

Surveys, however, show that many voters don't share that optimism.

An Associated Press-GfK poll taken in June found less than half of adults say the outcome of the Nov. 6 election will make a great deal or a lot of difference on three key issues: the economy, unemployment and the federal budget deficit.

Yet the volunteers soldier on.

"My best friend's father gave me grief for coming here today," said Liesa Collins, a Virginia Commonwealth University freshman volunteering at Obama campaign headquarters in Richmond, Va. "I grew up in a community that's way more rich people, the Republican side of things. So it's nice to be here at this office and making a difference."

Both sides rely heavily on volunteer labor even as spending on high-priced staples like TV ads, polling and consultants keeps rising. Indeed, many of a campaign's most labor intensive tasks ? from staffing offices and making telephone calls to knocking on doors and registering voters ? are done by volunteers.

In Ohio, the Romney campaign plans a "Buckeye Blitz" on Saturday aimed at getting volunteers to knock on 30,000 doors in a single day. Two high-profile Romney supporters, Ohio Sen. Rob Portman and former Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty, recently gave a pep talk to grass-roots leaders in the state stressing the importance of volunteer efforts.

"We're a little bit behind the Obama people" in terms of on-the-ground organizing, Portman said. "But we're catching up fast," he assured the volunteers. "We have a lot of momentum on our side."

Both campaigns said they didn't know how many volunteers work for them. But each side often tries to discredit the other's volunteer programs, particularly in battleground states like Florida and Virginia that are likely to help decide the election.

The rival camps also bicker over who has the most intense volunteer corps.

"Volunteers are coming out of the woodwork," said Rich Beeson, Romney's political director. "It's not just your normal Republican base volunteers. It's a lot of new people who haven't been involved in politics before. We'll take anyone who wants to replace this president."

Obama's 2008 campaign set an unprecedented standard for grass-roots involvement, creating MyBarackObama.com ? an online platform to harness volunteer energy ? and attracting an army of volunteers by casting his candidacy as a cause. "This election is not about me, it's about you," Obama told audiences then, often to thunderous applause.

After he was elected, supporters tried to channel that volunteer energy into Organizing for America, a grass-roots effort run by the Democratic National Committee to mobilize support for Obama's policies. But the group never quite made good on its promise to develop a ground-level strategy for pushing his priorities as president.

Today, even the most ardent Obama backers acknowledge that incumbency and a limping economy have caused excitement about his re-election effort to ebb. Obama has acknowledged it himself, saying the campaign this year isn't as "sexy" as it was four years ago.

First lady Michelle Obama tried to rekindle a sense of mission on a recent visit to Dale City, Va., where she implored volunteers to give it their all.

"Making all those phone calls, registering voters, giving people the information they need on issues they care about ? that work is at the core of everything we do," she said. "It's not just that we support one extraordinary man ... we are doing it because of the values and the vision for the country we all share."

The sense of shared values brought Costa Rica native Gina Bonewit into the Obama campaign office in St. Petersburg, where she said she now spends 15 hours a week making phone calls.

"The president has done a good job trying to rebuild. That's what guides me here," said Bonewit, 37, pointing to Obama's health care law and support for equal pay for women as reasons she continues to volunteer.

Obama's recently announced support for gay marriage helped motivate Mindy Bertram to get involved. The 19-year old Virginia Wesleyan College sophomore said she expected young people to back the president as forcefully as they did in 2008, when Obama won two-thirds of voters under age 30.

"I feel strongly about this campaign, especially as a young voter," Bertram said. "I believe Barack Obama is fighting for middle-class families and for everyone to have opportunities."

Not surprisingly, Romney's supporters express far different views of the president when describing their decisions to volunteer.

Matt Gagnon, who said he spends 20 hours a week doing digital work for the Virginia Republican Victory Fund, said concern about the economy and his 5-year old son's future led him to volunteer.

"I don't believe the president has any capability of managing the economy in any way, shape or form," said Gagnon, 31. "Gov. Romney has a good handle on it. The contrast is pretty strong."

In St. Petersburg, Fla., retired web designer Dorine McKinnon said she spends two days a week volunteering for Romney because she is frightened by Obama and Democratic leaders. She believes they are hostile to business.

"They don't seem to understand that when businesses make money, the employees of that business make money," said McKinnon, 59. She said: "Obama says things are getting better. But that's not what I'm seeing."

___

AP Deputy Director of Polling Jennifer Agiesta in Washington and Associated Press writer Brian Bakst in St. Paul, Minn., contributed to this report.

___

Follow Beth Fouhy on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/bfouhy

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-07-03-Presidential%20Campaign-Volunteers/id-abf0f616512f4b27b4abc0a285cde32c

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Tuesday, July 3, 2012

Five fantastic fireworks facts

The Fourth of July and fireworks go together like hamburgers and hot dogs. From flower-like fountains to fancy rockets that explode into heart shapes and smiley faces, pyrotechnics are always getting bigger and brighter.

The U.S. imports some $190 million worth of fireworks and makes $231.8 million more each year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. But what's the story behind these beautiful explosives?

Read on for five things you may not have known about July 4th fireworks.

1. The Founding Fathers were fans
Fireworks have been around since the days of ancient China. But their history in the United States is far-reaching, too. Right after the Declaration of Independence was approved by Congress, John Adams, in 1776, wrote to his wife that America's independence "ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more." Illuminations, of course, meant fireworks.

The only catch was that Adams was two days off on his recommendations of when Independence Day would be celebrated. He predicted a holiday date of July 2, the day a closed session of Congress approved the resolution of independence. Instead, the country went with July 4, the date on the Declaration of Independence. [ 50 July 4th Facts: All About Patriotism ]

2. Chemicals create colors
Ever wondered why some fireworks are blue and others are red? It's all in the chemicals. Copper produces blue sparks, while a mix of salts and other substances make red. Barium yields a green glow, and sodium burns yellow.

3. America doesn't hold the record
Americans love their fireworks, but the biggest display ever took place in Portugal in December 2006. In 37 launch sites spread across the island of Madeira pyrotechnics experts set off no less than 66,326 individual fireworks. In fact, Madeira snagged a Guinness World Record for the largest fireworks display in the world that year.

4. Playing with fire isn't the safest way to celebrate
As much fun as they are, fireworks are, well, kind of dangerous. In July 2010, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission recorded at least 6,300 fireworks-related injuries. About 1,200 were caused by handheld sparklers, while 400 were the fault of bottle rockets. Hands and fingers were most frequently injured.

5. Fireworks are more fun with math
Just as you see a flash of lightning before you hear the thunder, you'll notice fireworks lighting up the sky before you hear their echoing booms. That's because light travels about a million times faster than sound. Use this knowledge to your advantage to calculate how far you are from the explosions: As soon as you see a flash, count the seconds until the "boom." Divide by three to get the distance between you and the patriotic pyrotechnics in kilometers.

Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter @sipappas ? or LiveScience @livescience.? We're also on Facebook ? and? Google+.

? 2012 LiveScience.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48046438/ns/technology_and_science-science/

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Sunoco, Carlyle ink deal to save Philadelphia refinery

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-sunoco-carlyle-keep-philadelphia-plant-open-114906998--sector.html

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